Corpus de fidelidad empírica
La lista pública de los 50 artículos utilizados para medir la fidelidad del scoring (ÉNS, distribución gaussiana neutra, μ=50, σ=20).
Metodología vigente: v1.1 (desde el 17/5/2026)
¿Qué es una versión de metodología?
Para medir la fidelidad de cada modo de scoring, usamos un corpus público y estable de 50 artículos temáticos. Distribución alineada con el objetivo teórico (gaussiana neutra, μ=50, σ=20): 5A / 14B / 9C / 14D / 5E + 3 retractados (X).
¿Por qué un corpus fijo? Para que la fidelidad empírica sea reproducible: si cambiamos la rejilla o un evaluador, volvemos a medir sobre el mismo corpus → la brecha es cuantificable, no opinable.
¿Por qué 50 artículos distribución / 28 artículos paired?
De los 50 artículos del corpus, 29 tienen una referencia PDF completo (IA) medible y 28 se utilizan efectivamente para la medición de concordancia (un artículo excluido por resumen demasiado corto). Los otros 21 se puntúan a partir del resumen (IA) porque su PDF está bloqueado tras el paywall de NEJM, Lancet, JAMA u otras grandes revistas que no exigen depósito en acceso abierto.
Esta asimetría no es un defecto, es una elección metodológica deliberada que refleja la ciencia médica real: la medicina clínica de vanguardia se publica mayoritariamente en revistas con paywall. Construir un corpus 100% paired habría introducido un sesgo de selección hacia el acceso abierto puro (BMJ, PLOS, Cochrane) y haría inalcanzable una distribución de niveles realista — la mayoría de los artículos del nivel A se publican precisamente en NEJM/Lancet.
Consecuencia operativa: la distribución de niveles (5A/14B/9C/14D/5E/3X) se calcula sobre los 50, y la fidelidad empírica (concordancia Resumen (IA) vs PDF completo, concordancia Metadatos (Rápido) vs PDF completo) se calcula sobre los 28 artículos apareados. Ambas medidas siguen siendo honestas porque responden a dos preguntas diferentes: «¿refleja el corpus la ciencia médica?» y «¿puntúan los modos de forma coherente entre sí?».
Limitación asumida: la medida de concordancia no cubre los artículos del nivel A del corpus (todos abstract-only). Esta limitación es una propiedad estructural del ecosistema editorial científico — no una elección arbitraria nuestra.
Distribución observada vs objetivo teórico
(ÉNS, distribución gaussiana neutra, μ=50, σ=20)
| A | B | C | D | E | X | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distribución objetivo | 5 | 14 | 9 | 14 | 5 | 3 |
| Observado | 5 | 14 | 9 | 14 | 5 | 3 |
Los 50 artículos del corpus
| Nivel | Puntuación | PMID | Título | Revista | Año | Modo | Paired | Tema | Señal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 85 | 21767103 | Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. | The New England journal of medicine | 2011 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Clinical | |
| A | 83 | 29388196 | Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy adults | The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | 2018 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | MetaEpistemo | |
| A | 81 | 31255301 | Population-level impact and herd effects following the introduction of human papillomavirus vaccination programmes: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. | Lancet (London, England) | 2019 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| A | 81 | 33627334 | Statin treatment and muscle symptoms: series of randomised, placebo controlled n-of-1 trials. | BMJ (Clinical research ed.) | 2021 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Cardio | |
| A | 79 | 40760353 | Ultraprocessed or minimally processed diets following healthy dietary guidelines on weight and cardiometabolic health: a randomized, crossover trial | Nature Medicine | 2025 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Endocrino | |
| B | 75 | 36715243 | Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. | The Cochrane database of systematic reviews | 2023 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| B | 73 | 31922679 | A network meta-analysis of the effects of psychotherapies, pharmacotherapies and their combination in the treatment of adult depression | World Psychiatry | 2020 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | MentalHealth | |
| B | 71 | 26099233 | Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children | Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | 2015 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| B | 68 | 26187233 | A 2-Year Randomized Controlled Trial of Human Caloric Restriction: Feasibility and Effects on Predictors of Health Span and Longevity | The Journals of Gerontology: Series A | 2015 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Cardio | |
| B | 68 | 40634782 | Plasma proteomics links brain and immune system aging with healthspan and longevity | Nature Medicine | 2025 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Neurology | |
| B | 67 | 26378978 | Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. | New England Journal of Medicine | 2015 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Cardio | |
| B | 66 | 35854107 | The serotonin theory of depression: a systematic umbrella review of the evidence | Molecular Psychiatry | 2022 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | MentalHealth | |
| B | 62 | 18303940 | Initial severity and antidepressant benefits: a meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration. | PLOS Medicine | 2008 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | MentalHealth | |
| B | 62 | 33205991 | Effectiveness of Adding a Mask Recommendation to Other Public Health Measures to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Danish Mask Wearers | Annals of Internal Medicine | 2020 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| B | 61 | 21091279 | Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. | The New England journal of medicine | 2010 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Clinical | |
| B | 59 | 41326666 | Liraglutide in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a phase 2b clinical trial | Nature Medicine | 2025 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Neurology | |
| B | 58 | 24519768 | Twenty five year follow-up for breast cancer incidence and mortality of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study: randomised screening trial | BMJ | 2014 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Onco | |
| B | 58 | 32015508 | A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China | Nature | 2020 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| B | 56 | 34020944 | Nonreplicable publications are cited more than replicable ones | Science Advances | 2021 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | MetaEpistemo | |
| C | 55 | 37952131 | Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes | The New England Journal of Medicine | 2023 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Cardio | |
| C | 53 | 34278372 | Effectiveness of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine among French nursing home residents | Lancet Regional Health – Europe | 2021 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| C | 53 | 40839273 | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Cancer Risk in Adults With Obesity | JAMA Oncology | 2025 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Onco | |
| C | 51 | 20233825 | Stereotactic body radiation therapy for inoperable early stage lung cancer. | JAMA | 2010 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Onco | |
| C | 51 | 31986264 | Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. | Lancet (London, England) | 2020 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| C | 50 | 33306989 | Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK | The Lancet | 2021 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| C | 48 | 32284615 | The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. | Nature medicine | 2020 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| C | 47 | 22998339 | A randomized trial of sugar-sweetened beverages and adolescent body weight. | New England Journal of Medicine | 2012 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Nutrition | |
| C | 46 | 35249272 | Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant. | The New England journal of medicine | 2022 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| D | 44 | 21639808 | Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. | The New England journal of medicine | 2011 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Onco | |
| D | 44 | 23413192 | Multiple instances of ancient balancing selection shared between humans and chimpanzees. | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 2013 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Clinical | |
| D | 44 | 29262275 | Tumor Mutational Burden and Response Rate to PD-1 Inhibition. | The New England journal of medicine | 2017 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Onco | |
| D | 44 | 33301246 | Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine | New England Journal of Medicine | 2020 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| D | 43 | 33545094 | Safety and efficacy of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial in Russia. | Lancet (London, England) | 2021 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| D | 41 | 31621801 | Circulating Tumor DNA Analyses as Markers of Recurrence Risk and Benefit of Adjuvant Therapy for Stage III Colon Cancer. | JAMA oncology | 2019 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Onco | |
| D | 39 | 16060722 | Why most published research findings are false. | PLoS medicine | 2005 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | MetaEpistemo | |
| D | 38 | 32521345 | How can airborne transmission of COVID-19 indoors be minimised? | Environment international | 2020 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| D | 35 | 28322183 | The UN Decade of Nutrition, the NOVA food classification and the trouble with ultra-processing | Public Health Nutrition | 2017 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Nutrition | |
| D | 35 | 33961695 | β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Through Lethal Mutagenesis But Is Also Mutagenic To Mammalian Cells | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2021 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| D | 34 | 35116013 | SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Protection Against Clinical Disease: A Retrospective Study, Bouches-du-Rhône District, Southern France, 2021 | Frontiers in Microbiology | 2022 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| D | 33 | 32459046 | Scientific and Standardization Committee communication: Clinical guidance on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. | Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH | 2020 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| D | 29 | 20089734 | Saturated fat, carbohydrate, and cardiovascular disease. | The American journal of clinical nutrition | 2010 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Cardio | |
| D | 28 | 16115318 | Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread. | Virology journal | 2005 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| E | 25 | 35045295 | A bidirectional competitive interaction between circHomer1 and Homer1b within the orbitofrontal cortex regulates reversal learning. | Cell reports | 2022 | Resumen (IA) | — | MentalHealth | |
| E | 23 | 17240006 | B cell mediated priming following pneumococcal colonization | Vaccine | 2006 | Resumen (IA) | — | Clinical | |
| E | 20 | 29253145 | Noncommunicable Diseases in People Living With HIV: Time for Integrated Care | J Infect Dis | 2016 | Resumen (IA) | — | Infectious | |
| E | 12 | 32516120 | Programming and reprogramming from conception till death | New England Journal of Medicine | 2020 | Resumen (IA) | — | Clinical | |
| E | 11 | 34469921 | Ivermectin for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis to Inform Clinical Guidelines. | American journal of therapeutics | 2021 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | |
| X | 0 | 23432189 | Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet | New England Journal of Medicine | 2013 | Resumen (IA) | — | Nutrition | Retractado |
| X | 0 | 32356626 | Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19. | The New England Journal of Medicine | 2020 | Resumen (IA) | — | Cardio | Retractado |
| X | 0 | 34796244 | Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials of Ivermectin to Treat SARS-CoV-2 Infection | Open Forum Infectious Diseases | 2021 | PDF completo (IA) | ✓ | Infectious | Retractado |
Leyenda de columnas
- Modo: método utilizado para puntuar este artículo. PDF completo (IA) = análisis del texto íntegro; Resumen (IA) = resumen solo; Metadatos (IA) = título/revista/autores sin resumen; Entrada manual = puntuación manual via formulario.
- Apareado: ✓ si el artículo se usa en la medida de concordancia entre modos (referencia PDF completo disponible). — en caso contrario (PDF de pago, medido solo en su propio nivel).
Datos brutos
Los 50 archivos de puntuación están disponibles públicamente en el repositorio de código abierto. Cada artículo contiene su puntuación detallada, el desglose por criterio, el coeficiente de integridad y las justificaciones de la IA. La medición de fidelidad es totalmente reproducible y gratuita a partir de estos archivos.